Nehemiah 8:8 in the ESV reads:
They read from the book, from the Law of God, clearly, and they gave the sense, so that the people understood the reading.
'Clearly,' in the ESV, translates a Hebrew participle that usually means 'dividing, or making distinct.' The following are the most common interpretations and translations of this word:
- Interpreting or Explaining (NET, NAB, TEV, NLT)
- Giving clarity [basically a version of option #1] (ESV, NIV)
- Providing distinctions, e.g. in word-groupings and pronunciation (KJV, ASV)
- Translating, i.e. from Hebrew into Aramaic (NAS, CSB, Talmud)
The context does not make clear which interpretation is the most likely, but I lean toward the fourth interpretation, as post-exilic Jews here who had been immersed in Aramaic were here returning to Israel and the language of Hebrew. In the final analysis, even with options 1-3 above, the leaders probably used Aramaic (that is, translation) in their proclamation, explanation, and exposition of the Bible.
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